Compare Liechtenstein (2006) - Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2008)

Compare Liechtenstein (2006) z Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2008)

	Liechtenstein (2006)	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2008)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.4% (male 2,922/female 2,988) 15-64 years: 70.2% (male 11,842/female 12,022) 65 years and over: 12.4% (male 1,773/female 2,440) (2006 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	-
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US.	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Birth rate	10.21 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	-
Capital	name: Vaduz geographic coordinates: 47 09 N, 9 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	-
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	antarctic
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	101.9 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	-
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands abbreviation: HIMI
Death rate	7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
Debt - external	$0 (2001)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 1250, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590 FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	in February 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on the restitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1945 as German property	none
Economic aid - recipient	$0	-
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	The islands have no indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	-
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Ottmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	-
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	-
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	-
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% (2004)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	the flag of Australia is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 6% NA% industry: 39% services: 55% NA% (1999)	-
GDP - real growth rate	11% (1999 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	53 06 S, 72 31 E
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector	-
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	-
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	-
Imports - partners	EU, Switzerland (2004)	-
Independence	23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	-
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	-
Labor force	29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2% industry: 47% services: 51% (31 December 2001)	-
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	-
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 and 13 March 2005 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 48.7%, VU 38.2%, FL 13%; seats by party - FBP 12, VU 10, FL 3	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.68 years male: 76.1 years female: 83.28 years (2006 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	-
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Map references	Europe	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	-
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	-
Natural hazards	NA	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	fish
Net migration rate	4.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
Pipelines	gas 20 km (2006)	-
Political parties and leaders	Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Otmar HASLER]; The Free List or FL	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	33,987 (July 2006 est.)	uninhabited
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.78% (2006 est.)	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Railways	9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2006)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	-
Telephones - main lines in use	19,900 (2002)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	11,400 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	-
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Total fertility rate	1.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	1.3% (September 2002)	-
Waterways	28 km (2005)	-

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